{"id":6,"date":"2018-01-30T09:02:10","date_gmt":"2018-01-30T09:02:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/asociatia-bruna.ro\/?page_id=6"},"modified":"2018-02-01T09:49:36","modified_gmt":"2018-02-01T09:49:36","slug":"bruna-de-maramures","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/asociatia-bruna.ro\/index.php\/bruna-de-maramures\/","title":{"rendered":"Bruna de Maramures"},"content":{"rendered":"

Informa\u0163ii referitoare la primele importuri de taurine de ras\u0103 Brun\u0103, \u201ctip Schwyz\u201d, \u00een zonele Ocoalelor Silvice din Sighet \u015fi Vi\u015feu le avem \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu anul 1881. Acestea au fost aduse \u00een primul r\u00e2nd prin lucr\u0103torii califica\u0163i \u00een silvicultur\u0103 din Austria. Apoi, anual, se aduc c\u00e2teva sute de capete din Elve\u0163ia \u015fi Germania. Gra\u0163ie performan\u0163elor lor, vacile de ras\u0103 \u201cSchwyz\u201d aveau c\u0103utare \u00een jurul Sighetului \u015fi Vi\u015feului, aici exist\u00e2nd, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 posibilit\u0103\u0163ile de cre\u015ftere, \u015fi cele de v\u00e2nzare a laptelui, \u00een localit\u0103\u0163ile: S\u0103p\u00e2n\u0163a, C\u00e2mpulung la Tisa, Saras\u0103u, VaduIzei, Berbe\u015fti, Hoteni, Ieud, Repedea, Cuhea (Bogdan Vod\u0103), Vi\u015feul de Jos, Vi\u015feul de Mijloc \u015f.a. Crescut\u0103 al\u0103turi de popula\u0163iile locale \u201cMoc\u0103ni\u0163a\u201d \u015fi \u201cSura de Step\u0103\u201d, care erau bine adaptate la condi\u0163iile de mediu din zon\u0103, datorit\u0103 performan\u0163elor productive, area de Rasa \u201cSura de step\u0103\u201d r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire a rasei se extinde tot mai mult.<\/p>\n

\"Rasa

Rasa \u201cSura de step\u0103\u201d<\/p><\/div>\n

\u00cencep, \u00een paralel, \u015fi \u00eencruci\u015f\u0103rile de absorb\u0163ie a popula\u0163iilor locale, \u00eenso\u0163ite \u015fi de continuarea importurilor de animale de ras\u0103 pur\u0103. Un rol important pentru cre\u015fterea \u015fi ameliorarea popula\u0163iilor de taurine de tip \u201cBrun\u0103\u201d l-a avut constituirea asocia\u0163iilor (sindicatelor) de cre\u015ftere a vitelor de ras\u0103, \u00een anul 1925, dat\u0103 la care s-a \u00eenfiin\u0163at \u015fi primul depozit de tauri, la Sighet. Astfel s-a ajuns la sporirea calit\u0103\u0163ii animalelor. \u00cencepe ac\u0163iunea de \u201cbrunizare\u201d, pornind din zona Maramure\u015fului \u015fi continu\u00e2nd cu zonele montane \u015fi submontane ale \u00eentreg lan\u0163ului Mun\u0163ilor Carpa\u0163i. Se observ\u0103, \u00een timp , o dinamic\u0103 de cre\u015ftere deosebit\u0103 a efectivelor de ras\u0103 \u201eBrun\u0103\u201d, \u015fi, mai ales, a meti\u015filor.<\/p>\n

Structura de ras\u0103 a taurinelor din Maramure\u015f:<\/em>
\n\u00cen aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103, r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea \u201e Brunei\u201d a avut o amploare deosebit\u0103, f\u0103c\u00e2nd din Maramure\u015f un important rezervor de animale de pr\u0103sil\u0103 de ras\u0103 pentru alte zone din \u0163ar\u0103. Merit\u0103 eviden\u0163iat c\u0103, p\u00e2n\u0103 la al doilea r\u0103zboi mondial, s-a ajuns chiar s\u0103 se exporte circa 10.000 capete, \u00een \u0163\u0103ri ca: Grecia, Turcia, Italia, Ungaria, Cehoslovacia \u015fi chiar Austria.<\/p>\n

\"Raspandirea
\nAu urmat anii de r\u0103zboi \u015fi secet\u0103, care au determinat pierderi \u00een structura efectivelor de animale. \u00cen anii 1948-1949 s-au f\u0103cut alte importuri de tauri \u015fi vaci, circa 120 tauri \u00een sta\u0163iunile de mont\u0103 din Maramure\u015f \u015fi peste 700 de vaci \u00een unit\u0103\u0163i agricole. Procesul de \u201dbrunizare\u201d continu\u0103. Produ\u015fii ob\u0163inu\u0163i se apropie ca fenotip \u015fi performan\u0163e din ce \u00een ce mai mult de rasa \u201cBrun\u0103\u201d. Ca urmare a proceselor dirijate de transformare a raselor locale, prin absorb\u0163ie, \u00eentr-un ritm destul de rapid \u015fi pe o scar\u0103 relativ mare, efectivele ob\u0163inute au fost recunoscute, \u00een anul 1959, ca popula\u0163ie de sine st\u0103t\u0103toare: \u201cBruna de Maramure\u015f\u201c. \u00cen acest moment reprezenta sub 5%, ca ras\u0103 pur\u0103, \u015fi 3,5 % ca meti\u015fi, din efectivul total al \u0163\u0103rii. Prin sporul numeric, s-a ajuns \u00een anii \u201870 la circa 27% din efectiv, ating\u00e2nd apogeul \u00een anul 1980 , c\u00e2nd ponderea rasei a ajuns la peste 30% din efectivul total , fiind a doua ras\u0103 ca importan\u0163\u0103.<\/p>\n

\"Raspandirea<\/p>\n

Pe tot acest \u201ctraseu\u201d este de subliniat \u201cosmoza\u201c \u00eentre ata\u015famentul \u0163\u0103ranilor fa\u0163\u0103deras\u0103\u015fidevotamentulgenera\u0163iilor de speciali\u015fti din unit\u0103\u0163ile de cercetare, din \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt, din re\u0163eaua de selec\u0163ie \u015fi reproduc\u0163ie, direc\u0163iile generale pentru agricultur\u0103, din produc\u0163ie, din serviciul sanitar veterinar, unit\u0103\u0163ile Semtest, \u00eentreprinderile de \u00eentre\u0163inere \u015fi exploatare a paji\u015ftilor. F\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103 c\u0103 un rol marcant \u00een cre\u015fterea performan\u0163elor rasei l-a avut, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu anii \u201870, Sta\u0163iunea de Cercet\u0103ri Zootehnice din Sighet, unica \u00een acest areal. Prin gradul deosebit de adaptabilitate la condi\u0163iile de mediu precum \u015fi prin produc\u0163iile de lapte \u015fi carne, s-a ajuns ca \u201eBruna\u201c s\u0103 fie crescut\u0103 \u00een 20 de jude\u0163e din care \u00een 11 cu o pondere de peste 70-90% din efectivul existent.
\n\u00cenainte de 1989, fermele dintr-un mare num\u0103r de unit\u0103\u0163i cooperatiste au fost populate cu vaci de ras\u0103 \u201cBrun\u0103\u201d, dar condi\u0163iile de \u00eentre\u0163inere \u015fi furajare nu au asigurat suportul necesar unor performan\u0163e superioare. \u00cencep\u00e2nd cu anul 1990, urmare a transform\u0103rilor parcurse, efectivele totale scad vertiginos. Ast\u0103zi, cu o popula\u0163ie de circa 300.000 capete matc\u0103, rasa \u201cBrun\u0103\u201d are o pondere de aproximativ 24% din efectivul de taurine din Rom\u00e2nia. Cel mai important jude\u0163 \u00een cre\u015fterea rasei a fost Maramure\u015ful. De remarcat c\u0103 media produc\u0163iei animalelor cuprinse \u00een Controlul oficial \u00een acest jude\u0163 era cu circa 600 kg. superioar\u0103 mediei pe \u0163ar\u0103, c\u0103 aproape 40% din totalul vacilor mame de taur se aflau \u00een curtea gospodarilor asocia\u0163i, inclusiv recordistele rasei pe anii 2003 \u015fi 2004. Se consider\u0103 c\u0103 un rol \u00een promovarea rasei \u201cBruna de Maramure\u015f\u201d l-a avut – \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu anul 1991 – \u015fi Asocia\u0163ia Cresc\u0103torilordeTaurine\u201cBruna-Schwyz\u201cMaramure\u015fFJACT, cu sediul \u00een Sighetu Marma\u0163iei, ca Sec\u0163ie coordonatoare na\u0163ional\u0103 pentru aceast\u0103 ras\u0103, \u00een cadrul AGCTR. Prin calit\u0103\u0163ile ar\u0103tate, prin produc\u0163iile ob\u0163inute, de multe ori aproape de v\u00e2rful performan\u0163ei, \u201cBruna de Maramure\u015f\u201d a dovedit c\u0103 este \u015fi trebuie s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 una dintre cele mai importante rase de taurine.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Informa\u0163ii referitoare la primele importuri de taurine de ras\u0103 Brun\u0103, \u201ctip Schwyz\u201d, \u00een zonele Ocoalelor Silvice din Sighet \u015fi Vi\u015feu le avem \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu anul 1881. Acestea au fost aduse \u00een primul r\u00e2nd prin lucr\u0103torii califica\u0163i \u00een silvicultur\u0103 din Austria. Apoi, anual, se aduc c\u00e2teva sute de capete din Elve\u0163ia \u015fi Germania. Gra\u0163ie performan\u0163elor lor, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nBruna de Maramures | Asocia\u021bia Bruna Schwyz Maramure\u0219<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/asociatia-bruna.ro\/index.php\/bruna-de-maramures\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bruna de Maramures | Asocia\u021bia Bruna Schwyz Maramure\u0219\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Informa\u0163ii referitoare la primele importuri de taurine de ras\u0103 Brun\u0103, \u201ctip Schwyz\u201d, \u00een zonele Ocoalelor Silvice din Sighet \u015fi Vi\u015feu le avem \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu anul 1881. Acestea au fost aduse \u00een primul r\u00e2nd prin lucr\u0103torii califica\u0163i \u00een silvicultur\u0103 din Austria. Apoi, anual, se aduc c\u00e2teva sute de capete din Elve\u0163ia \u015fi Germania. 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